Sunday, December 12, 2010
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Spinning Bike Squeaky Noise
About Enterprise Development and Cooperation between companies!! We are talking about ....
Since companies are born until they dissolve takes place rather a continuous process of development that aims to harness the business opportunities arising in the market for higher profits.
Business Development is the process by which the entrepreneur and his personal skills and acquire or strengthen skills that promote the efficient and effective resource for your company, product and process innovation, so that contributes to sustainable growth of the company.
expansion and diversification.
The expansion is a business development based on strengthening the effort in the company's current activity.
a) expansion strategies.
.- Market penetration: is based on increasing sales using marketing techniques to find new customers.
.- Market Development: in this case is about finding new markets for our product, even in other countries, as we have seen the multinational study.
.- Product Development: some companies choose to enhance their traditional products, making it evolve, as can a manufacturer of special tools designed handles to fit the shape of the hands of the workers to become more comfortable handling.
b) Diversification .
expansion strategies have in common the maintenance of the products and the company's main activity.
Through the diversification of their activities, companies enter new markets offering new products for different fields of activity.
A highly used form of diversification is called vertical integration : When a company makes all processes la cadena productiva, desde la obtención de la materia prima hasta la distribución de los productos a los clientes, se dice que está integrada verticalmente.
Por lo tanto, podemos observar que la integración vertical corresponde a una diversificación de tipo heterogéneo, pues agrupa actividades muy distintas.
EL CRECIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO DE LA EMPRESA.
El concepto de crecimiento de la empresa hace referencia a modificaciones e incrementos de tamaño que originan que ésta sea diferente de su estado anterior.
El crecimiento de la empresa ha constituido desde siempre uno de los ingredientes fundamentales en la definición the strategy itself. This is due to several reasons. First, business organizations, as they grow, reflecting a steady progression, a feeling of being stagnant and have potential for future development. On the other hand, in highly dynamic economies such as the Western, economic growth is one of the key benchmarks of the system. Therefore, because the environment is competitive, companies must continually grow and develop, if only to maintain its competitive position relative to other firms to grow. If the company intends to improve its relative position, then has to grow at rates higher than those of his nearest competitors.
However, when we talk about growth strategies or development "we are referring to the level of corporate strategy and global.
The company has, in general, various options to achieve its objectives of growth and development, in terms of pursuing strategic factors. We note that in formulating a development strategy, the company must take into account two basic problems:
• Which direction to go in development (specializing in traditional activities or diversify into new fields)
• Which means or methods used to achieve development goals (internal growth, new investments within the company, external growth, mergers and acquisitions and cooperation agreements as an intermediate form between the two).
The most popular and widespread types of growth or development is due to Ansoff. This author based his classification on the relationship between the current situation or the company's traditional and new developments, both in terms of products and the markets. Thus, we identify two basic strategies that can be called for expansion and diversification.
Any of them we can cause a severe drop in corporate earnings and a collapse in the price of company stock.
Another serious problem that this type of diversification as a strategic development path is that, except for additional financial support from a cash rich corporate parent, the diversification strategy does not help to improve the competitive strength of business units individual.
Each business is just to try and build a competitive position, since in this type of strategy does not provide a basis for cost reduction, transfer of skills or technology exchange.
also In theory we could compare the diversification offers the potential for greater stability in sales and profits of the business cycle, in practice do not always work attempts to achieve a diversification counter. Normally, all businesses (whether more or less attractive) also respond to the upward or downward, affected by cyclical conditions in the economy.
Finally, another serious problem unrelated diversification or conglomerate cover is how to build the business portfolio:
- situation to which I raises two questions: • Should
corporate portfolio contain few or many unrelated businesses?
business • How much diversity can successfully manage corporate executives?
- A reasonable way to solve the problem is to answer two questions:
• What is the minimum diversification the company needs to achieve an acceptable growth and profitability?
• What is the maximum diversification that can run the company, given the added complexity?
In general, the optimal response is between the two extremes.
Since companies are born until they dissolve takes place rather a continuous process of development that aims to harness the business opportunities arising in the market for higher profits.
Business Development is the process by which the entrepreneur and his personal skills and acquire or strengthen skills that promote the efficient and effective resource for your company, product and process innovation, so that contributes to sustainable growth of the company.
expansion and diversification.
The expansion is a business development based on strengthening the effort in the company's current activity.
a) expansion strategies.
.- Market penetration: is based on increasing sales using marketing techniques to find new customers.
.- Market Development: in this case is about finding new markets for our product, even in other countries, as we have seen the multinational study.
.- Product Development: some companies choose to enhance their traditional products, making it evolve, as can a manufacturer of special tools designed handles to fit the shape of the hands of the workers to become more comfortable handling.
b) Diversification .
expansion strategies have in common the maintenance of the products and the company's main activity. Through the diversification of their activities, companies enter new markets offering new products for different fields of activity.
A highly used form of diversification is called vertical integration : When a company makes all processes la cadena productiva, desde la obtención de la materia prima hasta la distribución de los productos a los clientes, se dice que está integrada verticalmente.
Por lo tanto, podemos observar que la integración vertical corresponde a una diversificación de tipo heterogéneo, pues agrupa actividades muy distintas.
EL CRECIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO DE LA EMPRESA.
El concepto de crecimiento de la empresa hace referencia a modificaciones e incrementos de tamaño que originan que ésta sea diferente de su estado anterior.El crecimiento de la empresa ha constituido desde siempre uno de los ingredientes fundamentales en la definición the strategy itself. This is due to several reasons. First, business organizations, as they grow, reflecting a steady progression, a feeling of being stagnant and have potential for future development. On the other hand, in highly dynamic economies such as the Western, economic growth is one of the key benchmarks of the system. Therefore, because the environment is competitive, companies must continually grow and develop, if only to maintain its competitive position relative to other firms to grow. If the company intends to improve its relative position, then has to grow at rates higher than those of his nearest competitors.
However, when we talk about growth strategies or development "we are referring to the level of corporate strategy and global.
The company has, in general, various options to achieve its objectives of growth and development, in terms of pursuing strategic factors. We note that in formulating a development strategy, the company must take into account two basic problems:
• Which direction to go in development (specializing in traditional activities or diversify into new fields)
• Which means or methods used to achieve development goals (internal growth, new investments within the company, external growth, mergers and acquisitions and cooperation agreements as an intermediate form between the two).
The most popular and widespread types of growth or development is due to Ansoff. This author based his classification on the relationship between the current situation or the company's traditional and new developments, both in terms of products and the markets. Thus, we identify two basic strategies that can be called for expansion and diversification.
Figure .- Various Forms of Growth.
Before going into more areas of business relationships nationally and internationally, talk about business cooperation:
In the competitive business world is increasing , making survival difficult for many companies and difficult to obtain benefits. This phenomenon is inevitable, but as far as possible, employers should try to collaborate with their competitors in ways that benefit both.
Sometimes these agreements between companies may harm consumers, because are intended to establish a monopoly that makes companies take advantage of its dominant position. Let
rates more importasntes link between firms: Union
venture (JV)
This figure is intended to establish a temporary agreement of collaboration between two or more companies for the purpose to undertake a particular project. Each company maintains its own legal personality, the marriage lasts while the project is underway, dissolving into its completion.
European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG)
is a figure who promotes the European Union to promote cooperation among EU companies. The duration is in principle indefinitely, and not just a project as with the TUC.
The Cartel
The cartel is a link between independent enterprises engaged in the same activity, and establishes a covenant not to compete among them go so that all benefit by establishing a virtual monopoly. Therefore, they are prohibited in the legislation of most countries.
Technology Agreements
The technology is very expensive to obtain, on all innovations. Therefore, it is common that several companies get together to try to develop a new technology that each one separately would not be able to obtain. They are produced in different sectors: consumer electronics, cars, computers etc. The result of cooperation jointly exploit the participating companies.
Agreement
providers to ensure supplies of raw materials, critical manufacturing processes, many companies in the industrial sector agreements establishing medium and long term relationships with its suppliers. These agreements are also very common in the commercial sector, including supermarkets and their suppliers.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CAUSES OF THE ECONOMIC EMERGENCE OF GROUP.
• The maturation of industrial capitalism has made the company the need to rethink their goals (growth vs. profit).
• financial capitalism is characterized by the rise of capital markets. It facilitates inter-company relations, may become more simple economic groups when they are created for acquisition and control of companies or parts of them.
The impact of technological progress in the market produces a lot of competition between those economic units que intentan incorporar constantemente la innovación, a la vez que una gran dependencia de aquellas que no pueden alcanzar ese nivel tecnológico.
”Separación entre la propiedad y la administración” ha propiciado la existencia de un mercado de directivos-profesionales, cuya incidencia en el comportamiento de las empresas ha sido evidente, ya que persiguen metas de que ponen mayor énfasis en el objetivo del crecimiento y por tanto, propician la creación de grupos de sociedades.
EXPANSIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD.
Las estrategias de expansión son aquellas que se dirigen hacia el desarrollo de los productos y mercados tradicionales de la empresa. Se basan en el crecimiento on one line, maintaining a close relationship with the company's current situation. Therefore, strategies are usually developed using the same technical, financial and trade that are used for the initial product line. The main strategies are to expand market penetration, product development and market development.
DIVERSIFICATION OF THE ACTIVITY. TYPES OF DIVERSIFICATION.
The diversification strategy is that the company simultaneously add new products and new markets for existing. This access to new activities, either by internal or external growth that the company does operate in competitive environments, new result is a set of physical and organizational changes that affect the structure of the company and represents a clear break with its past trajectory.
Entering new markets with new products is that they and those may or may not be related in some way with the current.
From this consideration, Ansoff was the classic type of diversification in terms of the technological relationship of new products with the traditional and the relationship of markets in terms of types of customers. So attempts to organize the industry to to achieve a monopolistic control of the market, tending to reduce competition, may be diverse and distinguished between: strategies for horizontal, vertical, concentric and conglomerate.
• A combination vertical merger involves companies that control different stages of the production process of a product.
• A horizontal combination is one formed by companies in an industry that develop these products.
• A conglomerate merger combines independent companies of different industries within the same organization.
• HISTORICAL LOCATION :
In the 1960 and 1970 many companies merged creating a multitude of clusters to achieve economies of scale or synergies. In the 1980's there was a sudden change in this trend and many clusters were detached from much of their business and focused on a core business. This solution is encouraged in most developed countries, increasing bids (OPAs), which mainly sought to appropriate parts of the conglomerates.
For example, certain oil companies have oil fields, refinerías, compañías de transportes y gasolineras.
Analizaré exclusivamente la diversificación conglomerada ya que se trata del objetivo fundamental de este estudio.
La diversificación conglomerada, supone que los productos y mercados nuevos no tienen ninguna relación con los tradicionales. Representa, por tanto, la estrategia más ambiciosa y con más riesgo.
La actividad principal de la empresa se diluye en el conglomerado y se suele llevar a cabo mediante crecimiento externo más que interno.
LA ESTRATEGIA DE DIVERSIFICACIÓN NO RELACIONADA: LOS CONGLOMERADOS EMPRESARIALES .
Definiciones de conglomerado
.
A generic way: Cluster is in the business, the corporation formed by several independent companies, interconnected by ties of ownership, whose merger increases and diversifies the company assets. This function reduces the company's dependence on a single product or service.
The term cluster, according to Ramon Tamames, is widespread in the U.S. to refer to all businesses owned by links interrelated exchange of shares, via holding relationships, etc ... As global conglomerates he cites the ATT, Alcatel, Mitsubishi, Mitsui, and even organizations like the IRI and INI.
The company unrelated or conglomerate diversification is also known as a holding company, which is defined as one company that controls the activities of others, through the acquisition of all or a majority of shares.
What is unrelated diversification or conglomerate.
unrelated diversification or cluster is the most dramatic growth for the company in the absence of any relationship between the company's traditional business and new business in which it invests. This would not be trying to use the skills nor is excess leverage to new activities.
The objective of conglomerate diversification is therefore looking for financial type of business risk reduction globally by investing in multiple industries. Usually carried out through processes of acquisition and merger
REASONS FOR unrelated diversification.
Here are some of the reasons that can advise a company track a conglomerate diversification strategy:
- Better allocation of resources: consideration of the company as an investment portfolio can improve management of the company's financial resources, channeling resources that may occur in some activities to others in which there is a net demand for resources. Be sought financial synergies in the portfolio management business.
is ultimately the basis of the reasoning of the BCG portfolio matrix in which the "cash cows (net generating resources) fund, for example a dilemma products (net absorbers of resources). This comes to say the owner of the business with lower profit expectations can be devoted to acquiring and expanding businesses with high growth potential and profit. So a company with a portfolio of businesses can look unbalanced, with investment in other sectors, the desired balance.
- high yield Search: a company with significant financial surplus or installed in a mature industry with low growth can search through unrelated diversification, investment opportunities that increase the overall profitability of the company.
This can be achieved by investing in industries of the future (emerging or growth). You may also be undervalued companies locating in the market, so that with a relatively small investment can be obtained adequate profitability.
- Risk Reduction: this is a major motivations for conglomerate diversification. This motivation will be more rife traditional activity of the company is highly concentrated in an industry that may be vulnerable in the medium term. While entering an unrelated business is taking on more risk with this investment, the result for the company as a whole is a reduction in the variability of profits and, therefore, a global risk reduction.
- objectives address: achieving other objectives of the professional class of directors, such as power, status, promotion opportunities, increased wages, etc. Can justify this type of strategy.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLUSTERS.
The Achilles heel of the diversified conglomerate is the requirement imposed on the corporate level management as to make smart decisions with respect to businesses operating in entirely different industries and environments totally different.
The higher the number of businesses participating in the company and the more mixed results, the harder it is to monitor corporate managers each subsidiary and detect problems early, to become experts in evaluating the attractiveness of the industry and Environment competitive in business and judge the quality of actions and strategic plans proposed by the business managers.
Managers should be smart enough and qualified to:
1. - Differentiate a good addition to a bad one.
2. "Selecting managers able to lead each business.
3. - Discerning intelligent strategic proposals.
4. - Know what to do if a business unit encountered.
Because every business faces difficult circumstances, a good way to gauge the risk of diversification is to ask the question: "If the business had problems, would you know how solve? ". If the answer is no, diversification do an excellent job in negotiating the acquisition prices (pass the test of cost of entry) not connected has a significant financial risk and profit expectations are more risky business. As expressed by the ex-president of a Fortune 500 company: "Never buy a business who can not lead."
only takes a few strategic mistakes:
- Poor assessment of industry attractiveness
- Unexpected in a newly acquired business
- Too much optimism
Any of them we can cause a severe drop in corporate earnings and a collapse in the price of company stock.
Another serious problem that this type of diversification as a strategic development path is that, except for additional financial support from a cash rich corporate parent, the diversification strategy does not help to improve the competitive strength of business units individual.
Each business is just to try and build a competitive position, since in this type of strategy does not provide a basis for cost reduction, transfer of skills or technology exchange.
also In theory we could compare the diversification offers the potential for greater stability in sales and profits of the business cycle, in practice do not always work attempts to achieve a diversification counter. Normally, all businesses (whether more or less attractive) also respond to the upward or downward, affected by cyclical conditions in the economy.
Finally, another serious problem unrelated diversification or conglomerate cover is how to build the business portfolio:
- situation to which I raises two questions: • Should
corporate portfolio contain few or many unrelated businesses?
business • How much diversity can successfully manage corporate executives?
- A reasonable way to solve the problem is to answer two questions:
• What is the minimum diversification the company needs to achieve an acceptable growth and profitability?
• What is the maximum diversification that can run the company, given the added complexity?
In general, the optimal response is between the two extremes.
worth mentioning that all mergers and business combinations have the potential to eliminate competition between them, thus creating monopolies. Mergers are usually analyzed by the authorities in all countries within the European Union, the European Commission so that any merger that seeks to achieve monopoly power and work against the public interest will be banned. Debacle
this that keeps Microsoft in the U.S. today.
Well, with this, we completed a review to questions 5 and 6 Unit II Business Economics, 2 º de Bachillerato. Morale and teamwork!.
Thursday, November 18, 2010
Explain Hair Color Chart
expo / ART unnatural Proyect. / noviembre/13 Saturday 20: 00 hrs to 22:00 hrs.
Sunday, November 14, 2010
Best Pleasure Way To Wank
Economic Systems!!
As an exercise for the ICT Classroom 1, Bachelor of Economics IES Ventura Morón, we talk about this important topic the subject of Economics, 1 º Bachillerato. 
economic system is called the way in which economic activity is organized in a society, the production of goods and services and their distribution among its members. Every economic system is characterized by specifying the legal ownership and the terms of engagement between individuals. Is the state that develops and enforces the law and reserves to itself certain areas and forms of action. The economic system therefore serves to determine which agents and under what conditions may take economic decisions. 
The classical economist Karl Marx suggested that the economic system used by every human society depends on the development of productive forces, especially the expertise, accumulated capital and population. While the law is adequate to the level of productive forces, Marx said, they can develop without severe tensions appear, but there comes a time when the productive forces have grown so much that the social structure, instead of enhancing their development appears as a limitation, a brace that prevents their growth. That's when the legal superstructure and consequently the ownership, is forced to change more or less abrupt. Applying this analysis, Marx divided the history of economic systems in savagery or barbarism, slavery, feudalism, Asiatic mode of production and capitalism. Historical materialism appeared that capitalism had reached an extreme situation, that the legal framework for private ownership of the means of production was hindering the growth of productive forces, which consequently were taking economic crisis increasingly serious, that the system was doomed to collapse and be replaced by another in which the means of production would be in the hands of the whole society, and that the proletariat, the emerging social class, would be responsible for leading that change. Foresaw the arrival in the more advanced of two future systems, socialism, in which "each will receive according to his work, and communism, in which" each give according to their means and receive according to their needs. "
This supposedly scientific analysis, has been contradicted by the historical. Century and a half after he wrote the Communist Manifesto we can see that their predictions have not been met. There
immutable historical laws that describe the evolution of economic systems and human societies. Nor is a two-way relationship between the degree of development of productive forces and economic system. Maybe I can be a closer relationship between the economic system and the media. In this course we propose a classification of economic systems in which we emphasize the importance of the degree of development of human knowledge and, therefore, the existing technological means for the transmission and accumulation of that knowledge.
In the twentieth century opposing systems have coexisted in different parts of the world which showed similar development of the productive forces. The state has dominated the economy in developed European countries or in underdeveloped African and Asian countries. Social transformations continue to be run by powerful groups, military, religious bureaucrats. It was not the law of capitalism that has blocked economic development, on the contrary, have been some legal institutions supposedly emanating from the Marxist proposals which, by limiting the freedom of individuals, have slowed the development of trade and production , the arts and sciences. certainly the market, by itself, has also shown its inability to satisfactorily resolve the basic needs of much of mankind. In fact, countries that have achieved a higher grade and more harmonious development more compatible with individual freedoms, with the encouragement of artistic creativity and scientific and technological research, they have achieved thanks to an economic system that combines free market with state intervention. And among these countries is to include the United States and others in the eyes of the world appear as champions of market liberalism.
Today continues the old controversy about calling for "more market" and others calling for "more government." In a human society living, evolving, there is no theoretical way to resolve the issue. There can be a show "scientific" what proportion between market and state is the most convenient or the most appropriate. Several people and groups with diverse ideologies and interests, are supporters of either ratio. Call themselves liberals, social democrats, conservatives, progressives, democrats, communists, radicals, left or right wing are simply pressing in one direction or another, to the market or to the state, with more or less force.
The organization of human societies take in the future is not written in any holy book or determined by any law of history: it will be the result of decisions being taken in this a large number of individuals and social groups. Many hope that the future system will satisfy our deepest longings of solidarity, cooperation and equity, allowing the disappearance of hunger, poverty and marginalization and that this is compatible with respect for human rights and the promotion of individual creativity.
1) What were the economic systems in the twentieth century?
Market Economy: This system of exchange founded for the pursuit of profit and at the core market for the widening global and the increasingly more complex forms of activity opening new trade markets. Economic system based on private ownership of the means of production. Decentralized decisions made by individual economic agents who seek to maximize their benefits are guided by the teachings of prices issued by the market, which operates freely without any regulation or intervention external to it. The allocation of resources freely perform productive operations of a free market in which prices respond to the forces of supply and demand. Centrally Planned Economy:
a) An economic system based on collective or state ownership of means of production, and that the decisions of individual agents should join all or part of the plans made by economic authorities this system, the market is replaced by centralized decision-maker based in some measure plans are mandatory for all operators.
b) political and philosophical doctrine that proposes the creation of a classless society for which they require eliminate the private ownership of the means of production by replacing state ownership to them or by some form of collective control of them.
This involves the removal of the market system and the creation of centralized planning methods of production and distribution of goods and services.
Market Mixed Economy: An economic system where the state intervenes to regulate market failures. Arises from the problems that caused the market economy system, where the state began to assume a major role.
2) What have been the contribution to economy of these characters?
a) Quesnay: Make a remarkable description of the economy as a circular flow is still used in current texts.
b) Adam Smith: He discussed the basics of pricing and income distribution conducted one of the first empirical studies of inflation but his most recognized contribution was that the market mechanism was a natural order which is regulated itself. In 1776 he published "The Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations."
c) David Ricardo: wrote his Principles of Political Economy and Taxation are in-depth analysis of the nature of economic rent presented a careful analysis of value. We also analyzed the patterns of international trade and proposed a rudimentary version of the law of comparative advantage. Ricardo autumn presented a vision of capitalism.
d) Karl Marx :
a) Quesnay: Make a remarkable description of the economy as a circular flow is still used in current texts.
b) Adam Smith: He discussed the basics of pricing and income distribution conducted one of the first empirical studies of inflation but his most recognized contribution was that the market mechanism was a natural order which is regulated itself. In 1776 he published "The Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations."
c) David Ricardo: wrote his Principles of Political Economy and Taxation are in-depth analysis of the nature of economic rent presented a careful analysis of value. We also analyzed the patterns of international trade and proposed a rudimentary version of the law of comparative advantage. Ricardo autumn presented a vision of capitalism.
d) Karl Marx :
Marx is interested in the economy. On the issue of workers. With this proposed class struggle in establishing the term collectivism as fatal and necessary in the evolution of societies. Marx founded the International Workers Association. Marx focused on capital and the critique of political economy. Those related to the concepts of thinkers of the time especially Adam Smith and David Ricardo, as the work is the only source of income. Its main work is "The Capital" in 1867. In the '90s, some people still argue the validity of Marxist doctrine as a method of interpretation of history.
e) JS Mill, wrote in his classic work on political economy principles relate the national and international trade has been the champion of free trade.
f) TR Malthus: While work continued to grow, food will tend to increase in arithmetical progression and not in geometric progression. Wrote a book that was used to defend the needs of English law review on the poor.
g) Walras: discovered how to make the economy as a whole (as a simultaneous general equilibrium in all markets of labor, land and production).
h) Marshall: was a hypercritical with their own writing was a founder of the modern economy exposed through graphical representations, was able to make a great synthesis trying to combine the best of classical economics with the afterthought.
i) Keynes JM: He struck a mortal blow to the belief in Say's law and economics Keynes also wrote the general theory in 1936.
j) Aristotle economic thinking began with and continued with the teachings of the medieval Scholastics. These first movements are occupied to a lesser extent policy doctrines such as the idea of \u200b\u200bfair compensation intended to indicate that the value of the goods.
3) Why is argued that the market has triumphed as an economic system?
began to emerge a global consensus around the belief that market forces would help accelerate the development in less industrialized economies, although there is still no agreement on the degree of intervention that governments should have in this process.
During the 1980's and early 1990, more countries, as diverse as China, India, Brazil and Tanzania, imposed reforms aimed at restoring the free market. The experience of Southeast Asian countries was considered, by some, as the triumph of market economies, but to others it was only a demonstration of combining the advantages of markets with effective government intervention, perhaps too effective you can copy to any government.
- The market where supply and demand made and puts the fair price of the products as it takes to make the product, this method of exchange is typical of capitalism and is where you perform goodwill.
4) Main distinguishing features of the current economic system.
a) In MARKET ECONOMIES:
Who makes the decisions? Decisions are made
traders in the market, decide what, how and for whom to produce increasing importance of large corporations or oligopolies that interfere with free market forces.
What is Property?
The property is private. Individuals are the owners of productive assets.
Who directs the production?
The employer makes decisions about what and how to produce.
What the philosophy that drives economic activity?
The philosophy behind saving activity is profit.
How are prices?
prices are set by the market according to supply and demand.
What role does the state?
The state produces the economic framework that guarantees freedom of the market.
b) In the centrally planned economy .
Who makes the decisions?
is the state that plans and decided through the planning institutions (ministries, etc). State enterprises decide on small-scale targets.
What is Property?
The means of production are the collective and state ownership on its behalf consumer goods can be privately owned.
Who directs the production?
The production is directed by the state through planning institutions. State enterprises in accordance with the plan.
What the philosophy that drives economic activity?
The philosophy that drives economic activity is the equal distribution of income and wealth.
How are prices? Prices are set
planning agencies.
What role does the state?
The State directs all, economically.
c) The Mixed Economy :
Who makes the decisions?
Decisions are made by economic agents through the market. Importance of state in the provision of certain goods and services (social) importance of multinationals.
What is Property?
The property is the State and private property.
Who directs the production? The production is directed
private entrepreneurs in all matters relating to their field. The state sets the goods and services provided to the community.
What the philosophy that drives economic activity?
The philosophy that drives economic activity is that of profit in the private sphere, combined with the improvement of social welfare.
How are prices?
prices are set by the market. The State reserves the setting of public goods. What
role of the State?
The State develops the economic and social guarantees of citizens rights.
5) The distribution of surplus in the current economic systems.
"The product of the ground-everything that is derived from its surface by application of labor, machinery and capital is divided among the three classes of the community, namely the landowner The owner of the stock or capital necessary for its cultivation and workers, through whose efforts it is grown.
But at different stages of society, the proportions of the total product of the earth, which will be distributed between each of these classes, under the names of land rent, profit and wages, will be essentially different, depending mainly on soil fertility, capital accumulation and population and the skill, ingenuity and tools used in agriculture.. " He said, David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, 1817.
Well, in the central planning system, are the state economic planning bodies that decide the fate of the surplus, based on political considerations and equity. To this end, encourage the development of public services and certain productive sectors considered of national interest.
In the system of market economy, private enterprise and the market play the key role in all economic decisions. Thus the surplus resulting from deducting the cost of revenue which involves the operation of enterprises, is the benefit to the employer as payment for its initiative, its capital and risk taking.
Finally, in countries with mixed market economy, the situation described above is supplemented by government intervention to limit the inequalities generated by the economy pure market. Thus, labor income, interest on investments and business surpluses have to pay taxes to fund public works for everyone.
hope this exhibition will allow us to improve the concepts of theme ............... Economic Systems.
Saturday, October 23, 2010
Naturopathic Doctors Title
next inauguration. ONE THING AND OTHERWISE / BAPE-DANIELA VERONICA FREEDOM. Thursday, 28 October
8:00 hrs.
Thursday, October 14, 2010
Monday, June 7, 2010
Domina In Leather Jeans
Today we speak of Coeducation in the Classroom!
"Speaking in male and female, naming both sexes, is used more precise language, more properly expressing the needs, tastes and concerns of women and of men. "
But how use language so that it represents all the wealth that exists in the experiences of both men and women?
there a way to use language, still the most widespread, and believed to be that many words spoken in a male are "generic", ie, they can refer to both sexes.
is the case, for example, with the word "children" when we use it as follows: "Children in this class take very good notes" is possible that both the speaker and listener , understand that you are talking about both sexes and that boys and girls in the class get good grades. However, if we say "children of this class play very good football is possible that both the speaker and listener understand that those boys are playing well and did not even ask about how girls play. Similarly, if we say "children of this kind are very fond of pink dress" it is possible that the speaker and listener have a moment of confusion and need to agree about who is really concerned, what they wear probably correct and say something like, "girls in this class like pink dress, and also some children, others prefer the green instead."
Use as a generic male creates problems and confusion of this style, so that in more than one occasion, a woman does not really know if it is included or not in the story.
When we describe in male actually hide a part of what is really going on. Imagine a situation in which parents attend a meeting of AMPA. The news the next day would be: "to yesterday's meeting was attended by 20 parents." Or you could say "at yesterday's meeting was attended by 18 mothers and two fathers." In the first version we may imagine that parents are the ones who come to the meeting, or even We can imagine that parents have come more or less the same proportion. In any case interpreting the male in the best way possible, give us an idea that parents worry more or less similar in education and attended by more or less at the same rate and are interested in equal measure for the meetings and their content. In the second version, which is named to both sexes, shows that mothers and fathers have very different attitudes with regard to educational work and an uneven commitment to the association. In this case, appoint modode women is a recognized authority in this matter, under the realization that they are "they" who It is largely being concerned for the education of their children.
Appoint gender implies not only appoint men and women, but talk about what women and men do, we feel, we provide, we need experience. That is, not only about how it is named, but also the content to be transmitted. For example, if you look at daily newspapers, you can see that the vast majority of news appearing in newspapers are still featuring men, and covering a majority in the management of issues relating to the economy, politics, international relations, war, weapons, etc.. The news that appears starring women tend to be those in which they appear as victims or as a small note in which we can read their contributions in the pages of society and culture, giving the impression that they leave no mark on the historical development. Appoint
sexes name implies actual participation, both numerically and qualitatively, women and men in different areas that make up the world, making visible their contributions in all fields both at school and in the media. Appoint all that make women and men to promote coexistence and prevent violence is a way also to encourage peace, away from stereotypes. This means offering words that describe the tenderness of men, their ability to give and show love, creativity and ability to negotiate and reach agreements, is also talk of women with words that help them as masters of their own lives, able to take seriously their own desires, being involved in development of their people and speaking with its own language.
As you know, not just pass through what we say but also through how we say. In this sense, it is the same talk about practicing peace peace within the educational relationship.
Like any relationship, that between teacher and students often leads to disagreements, conflicting interests and conflicts. This is also a relationship in which there is disparity, as is usually the teacher or older and knows more about a certain subject. Also, the teacher or the teacher has the power to pass or fail, what gives you power over their students, since it depends on who taught him to continue with their studies.
are many ways in which a teacher or professor may stand before this set of circumstances and enter into relationships with their students. Here are some possibilities:
Violence is not a game
This same logic, as we have been seeing, is what gives rise to situations how are you: • A child
branded as one of 'fag' in a grotesque pejorative, for the simple fact that likes to play with girls and be near them.
• A group of children ridicules girls and their games. Even dare to disturb the girls from playing quietly.
• A class group rejects a girl and call her 'whore' for having several pickups. However, a guy who also links a lot, is highly respected and is considered almost a hero.
• A child laughs and ridicules the body of a girl for being chubby when he, too, on some kilos.
In all these cases, the educational task is to take seriously the curiosity that children have in relation to other bodies to:
. Do not forget to marvel at the presence of other bodies and keep alive their curiosity about what each is and experience.
. Aware of the greatness that involves every body and not fall into the temptation to value them only by their weights and measures, that is, in a crude and stereotyped. Or what is, learn to appreciate the beauty that every body, either the size or shape it has.
. Do not turn your curiosity into a pretext for violence to other bodies.
. Learn to approach other bodies with care.
It is therefore essential that the teacher or the teacher are willing to maintain an open dialogue as to treat many of these issues and to understand in all its complexity, we need to return to them again and again. It is a dialogue based not only information but also in the expression of feelings and emotions, among which the attraction, intimacy and modesty.
physical education at school.
When we talk about physical activity at school, we do not refer only to physical education class or sports are on campus, but we mention a way to understand the movement that promotes a feeling of well being to himself, it stimulates the relationship with others and allows you to move comfortably in the spaces in which boys and girls living with the materials they handle.
When we look at physical activity that facilities and develop, we realize that they are often different and to promote development in both sexes have to generate resources, activities, and have a little creativity. Educate
physical activity is also set in motion daily, ie in how men and women are playing in the yard, and down the stairs when classes end and how it manifests an adolescent body after six hours at a sitting, with only half an hour of recreation .
From the school we can:
• Make a more equitable representation of women and men in the world of sport and physical activity in general.
• Value to the needs of girls and boys movement have, avoiding androcentric models.
• Publicize a wide range of disciplines that seek representation of men and women who are references for our students.
• Incorporate physical activity into daily life, giving more value to this the fact that competitive.
• Create a climate in which the force, violence or the monopoly of some sports, are misplaced. On the contrary, foster attitudes of cooperation, participation, fun and desire to have fun in the company.
• Caring for the distribution of space in the center so that both girls and boys can enjoy them and use them comfortably.
• Ensure that materials can be used by children, showing alternative uses and vary the who uses creativity.
• Hold out for the recognition of the feelings that our body transmits, so that recognition of these "messages" will enable our students to develop a greater capacity for self-care and safety in one's own emotions.
Make life plans. Talking
life projects with the students supposed to accompany the discovery of what they are and what they want to be, showing a world open to endless possibilities which have to find their own niche in terms of their capacities, desires and features as well as helping them to consider the context and circumstances where your life unfolds.
Boys and girls are often raised differently their life projects. While they tend to focus on their professional activities without being to perceive them as professionals, also wonder about the possibility of being partners, mothers, friends, etc. And this difference often becomes a serious inequality that places women in an inferior position in the labor field, just because they are women and consider their life projects fit options involving life is one and it should be professional, familial, social, lively ... separately, in pairs or all at once.
to the educational field we can help iron out the inequalities that boys and girls trying to understand each project's life as a journey where you learn how to practice a profession, but also to learn to cope with the work required in daily life and coexistence well as participate in those other proceedings that involve a commitment to the welfare of a community.
Each life project, each student and each student will have to reflect at some time on issues such as: •
capabilities that each person has, those who develop, willing to taste those that let you grow and enjoy.
• The potential to develop those skills within an occupation, carefully choosing those training to optimize their talent or ability, within their possibilities.
• The desire and need to exercise every profession from the very unique, from what every man and every woman can make based their worldview and their creativity.
• The need to learn to recognize and realize the work that generates daily life and share with women and men with whom he lives.
• The importance of having a proper time for reflection, rest, stopping to look where you are going and what to ask about the needs, desires, how to cope.
A way to go .........
One of the fundamental principles on which co-education must start at school, is that women as citizens, should be as free as men to decide and carry out roles in society, this requires the elimination of discrimination and prejudice.
"Speaking in male and female, naming both sexes, is used more precise language, more properly expressing the needs, tastes and concerns of women and of men. "
But how use language so that it represents all the wealth that exists in the experiences of both men and women?
there a way to use language, still the most widespread, and believed to be that many words spoken in a male are "generic", ie, they can refer to both sexes.
is the case, for example, with the word "children" when we use it as follows: "Children in this class take very good notes" is possible that both the speaker and listener , understand that you are talking about both sexes and that boys and girls in the class get good grades. However, if we say "children of this class play very good football is possible that both the speaker and listener understand that those boys are playing well and did not even ask about how girls play. Similarly, if we say "children of this kind are very fond of pink dress" it is possible that the speaker and listener have a moment of confusion and need to agree about who is really concerned, what they wear probably correct and say something like, "girls in this class like pink dress, and also some children, others prefer the green instead." Use as a generic male creates problems and confusion of this style, so that in more than one occasion, a woman does not really know if it is included or not in the story.
When we describe in male actually hide a part of what is really going on. Imagine a situation in which parents attend a meeting of AMPA. The news the next day would be: "to yesterday's meeting was attended by 20 parents." Or you could say "at yesterday's meeting was attended by 18 mothers and two fathers." In the first version we may imagine that parents are the ones who come to the meeting, or even We can imagine that parents have come more or less the same proportion. In any case interpreting the male in the best way possible, give us an idea that parents worry more or less similar in education and attended by more or less at the same rate and are interested in equal measure for the meetings and their content. In the second version, which is named to both sexes, shows that mothers and fathers have very different attitudes with regard to educational work and an uneven commitment to the association. In this case, appoint modode women is a recognized authority in this matter, under the realization that they are "they" who It is largely being concerned for the education of their children.
Appoint gender implies not only appoint men and women, but talk about what women and men do, we feel, we provide, we need experience. That is, not only about how it is named, but also the content to be transmitted. For example, if you look at daily newspapers, you can see that the vast majority of news appearing in newspapers are still featuring men, and covering a majority in the management of issues relating to the economy, politics, international relations, war, weapons, etc.. The news that appears starring women tend to be those in which they appear as victims or as a small note in which we can read their contributions in the pages of society and culture, giving the impression that they leave no mark on the historical development. Appoint
sexes name implies actual participation, both numerically and qualitatively, women and men in different areas that make up the world, making visible their contributions in all fields both at school and in the media. Appoint all that make women and men to promote coexistence and prevent violence is a way also to encourage peace, away from stereotypes. This means offering words that describe the tenderness of men, their ability to give and show love, creativity and ability to negotiate and reach agreements, is also talk of women with words that help them as masters of their own lives, able to take seriously their own desires, being involved in development of their people and speaking with its own language.
As you know, not just pass through what we say but also through how we say. In this sense, it is the same talk about practicing peace peace within the educational relationship.
Like any relationship, that between teacher and students often leads to disagreements, conflicting interests and conflicts. This is also a relationship in which there is disparity, as is usually the teacher or older and knows more about a certain subject. Also, the teacher or the teacher has the power to pass or fail, what gives you power over their students, since it depends on who taught him to continue with their studies.
are many ways in which a teacher or professor may stand before this set of circumstances and enter into relationships with their students. Here are some possibilities:
Violence is not a game
This same logic, as we have been seeing, is what gives rise to situations how are you: • A child branded as one of 'fag' in a grotesque pejorative, for the simple fact that likes to play with girls and be near them.
• A group of children ridicules girls and their games. Even dare to disturb the girls from playing quietly.
• A class group rejects a girl and call her 'whore' for having several pickups. However, a guy who also links a lot, is highly respected and is considered almost a hero.
• A child laughs and ridicules the body of a girl for being chubby when he, too, on some kilos.
In all these cases, the educational task is to take seriously the curiosity that children have in relation to other bodies to:
. Do not forget to marvel at the presence of other bodies and keep alive their curiosity about what each is and experience.
. Aware of the greatness that involves every body and not fall into the temptation to value them only by their weights and measures, that is, in a crude and stereotyped. Or what is, learn to appreciate the beauty that every body, either the size or shape it has.
. Do not turn your curiosity into a pretext for violence to other bodies.
. Learn to approach other bodies with care.
It is therefore essential that the teacher or the teacher are willing to maintain an open dialogue as to treat many of these issues and to understand in all its complexity, we need to return to them again and again. It is a dialogue based not only information but also in the expression of feelings and emotions, among which the attraction, intimacy and modesty.
physical education at school.
When we talk about physical activity at school, we do not refer only to physical education class or sports are on campus, but we mention a way to understand the movement that promotes a feeling of well being to himself, it stimulates the relationship with others and allows you to move comfortably in the spaces in which boys and girls living with the materials they handle. When we look at physical activity that facilities and develop, we realize that they are often different and to promote development in both sexes have to generate resources, activities, and have a little creativity. Educate
physical activity is also set in motion daily, ie in how men and women are playing in the yard, and down the stairs when classes end and how it manifests an adolescent body after six hours at a sitting, with only half an hour of recreation .
From the school we can:
• Make a more equitable representation of women and men in the world of sport and physical activity in general. • Value to the needs of girls and boys movement have, avoiding androcentric models.
• Publicize a wide range of disciplines that seek representation of men and women who are references for our students.
• Incorporate physical activity into daily life, giving more value to this the fact that competitive.
• Create a climate in which the force, violence or the monopoly of some sports, are misplaced. On the contrary, foster attitudes of cooperation, participation, fun and desire to have fun in the company.
• Caring for the distribution of space in the center so that both girls and boys can enjoy them and use them comfortably.
• Ensure that materials can be used by children, showing alternative uses and vary the who uses creativity.
• Hold out for the recognition of the feelings that our body transmits, so that recognition of these "messages" will enable our students to develop a greater capacity for self-care and safety in one's own emotions.
Make life plans. Talking
life projects with the students supposed to accompany the discovery of what they are and what they want to be, showing a world open to endless possibilities which have to find their own niche in terms of their capacities, desires and features as well as helping them to consider the context and circumstances where your life unfolds.
Boys and girls are often raised differently their life projects. While they tend to focus on their professional activities without being to perceive them as professionals, also wonder about the possibility of being partners, mothers, friends, etc. And this difference often becomes a serious inequality that places women in an inferior position in the labor field, just because they are women and consider their life projects fit options involving life is one and it should be professional, familial, social, lively ... separately, in pairs or all at once.
to the educational field we can help iron out the inequalities that boys and girls trying to understand each project's life as a journey where you learn how to practice a profession, but also to learn to cope with the work required in daily life and coexistence well as participate in those other proceedings that involve a commitment to the welfare of a community. Each life project, each student and each student will have to reflect at some time on issues such as: •
capabilities that each person has, those who develop, willing to taste those that let you grow and enjoy.
• The potential to develop those skills within an occupation, carefully choosing those training to optimize their talent or ability, within their possibilities.
• The desire and need to exercise every profession from the very unique, from what every man and every woman can make based their worldview and their creativity.
• The need to learn to recognize and realize the work that generates daily life and share with women and men with whom he lives.
• The importance of having a proper time for reflection, rest, stopping to look where you are going and what to ask about the needs, desires, how to cope.
A way to go .........
One of the fundamental principles on which co-education must start at school, is that women as citizens, should be as free as men to decide and carry out roles in society, this requires the elimination of discrimination and prejudice.
inequalities between men and women persist today and we still have a long way to go. In recent years there has been a phenomenon social, that is not new but it has lifted all social alarms, especially the first violation of human rights: the right to life.
survive in today's society situation of differential treatment between men and women, with a component hierarchy and discrimination that affect women negatively. We have examples
easily observed as in education, organization of schools and their ranking system continues to reflect the social discrimination against women. In most non-university schools
the position of director is held by a man offering image that the most important positions should be occupied by men.
Therefore it is necessary that education is breaking with the hierarchy between the sexes.
Therefore, we should begin now to practice and teach coeducation.
And now see what happens.
Thursday, April 29, 2010
How To Get Metallic Taste From Canned Tomatoes
Leakage flux heavy
A distortion of the magnetic flux has been introduced into the casing by a low frequency electromagnetic or permanent magnet. The principle of flow dispersion is used to detect corrosion in the casing, as the leakage flux is caused by rapid changes in the thickness and through holes in the wall either internal or external. This flow distorts the magnetic flux lines and induces a signal into an electrical coil. On site, the dispersion flow measurements make use of this effect by placing coils on or near the casing wall. The results are usually combined with high frequency.
A distortion of the magnetic flux has been introduced into the casing by a low frequency electromagnetic or permanent magnet. The principle of flow dispersion is used to detect corrosion in the casing, as the leakage flux is caused by rapid changes in the thickness and through holes in the wall either internal or external. This flow distorts the magnetic flux lines and induces a signal into an electrical coil. On site, the dispersion flow measurements make use of this effect by placing coils on or near the casing wall. The results are usually combined with high frequency.
Ho Scake Minimum Radius
peroration fluid .... A slang term for a globule of partly hydrated polymer caused by poor dispersion during the mixing process (commonly a result of adding the product very quickly.) They are typically 0.2 to 0.5 inches in size and consist of a granule of unhydrated polymer surrounded by a hydrated polymer gel cover, which prevents the entry of water to complete the hydration process. Thus, once formed, the fish eye is not dispersed and the product is removed in the shaker screens and debris.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)