The qubba is a volume formed by a shaped base or hub exaedro domed or arched surface, this vault can be simplified in a truncated octagonal pyramid carpenter whose angles are supported by four horns or shells. Its hemispherical shape can be carved in stone, brick or wood, or covered with a polygonal or starry vault.
The qubba is a charismatic and protective space grant immortality to the one under his leadership. So architecture is used in funeral home or at special points of the mosque as the maqsura, the boot section of the nave or even the mihrab. In civil architecture is used as a hall of honor or ambassadors of a royal palace and princely.
In general, the qubba cover domed stone is used in mosques and Moorish and Christian shrines. In contrast, the wooden dome appears in the palaces of the era of the Caliphate, as Medina Azahara, and from there at all times taifal palaces, Moorish Almohad, and Moorish architecture of the palaces of the Age Christians Media.
religious architecture in the first domes appeared in the expansion of Al-Hakam II of Cordoba mosque, in the second half of the tenth century Its author was an architect of Armenian descent who brought home the late Roman ribbed vaults on a square base, with parallel nerves webs supported placed in pairs, thus covering the first tranche of the Great Mosque of Cordoba. He collaborated with an artist to whom we owe Byzantine domes are galloned their webs. The current dome built in the Villaviciosa Chapel shown in three of its corners, by way of models or models, tests of new formulas, and Cordoba, octagonal vaults supported by angular tubes and developing the two possible geometric octagonal star-polygons. ;
Mosque of Cordoba (s. VIII - X). Plan and section of Maqsura.
Mosque of Cordoba (century VIII - X). Scheme maqsura central dome.
Mosque of Cordoba (century VIII - X). B Oved central maqsura.
Mosque of Cordoba (s. VIII - X). Scheme vaults maqsura collaterals.
Mosque of Cordoba (s. VIII - X). side of the maqsura Vault.
Mosque of Cordoba (s. VIII - X). Scheme the vault of the present Chapel of Villaviciosa. 
Mosque of Cordoba (s. VIII - X). Dome of the present Chapel of Villaviciosa.
these three models that were more developed in later religious architecture, both Taifa (Aljafería oratory of Zaragoza), as Almoravids (Mosque of Tlemcen in Algeria plementos ribbed vaulted plaster set) or Almohad (with nerves loculated brick). It soon became Christian architecture (Talavera Chapel in the Cathedral of Salamanca, Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Torres del Rio and many more).
Palace Aljafería Zaragoza (1065-1081). Vault of the chapel.
Salamanca Old Cathedral (XII - XIII). Vault of the Chapel of San Salvador or Talavera (s. XII).
Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Torres del Río, Navarra (s. XII). Dome of the cruise.
Great Mosque of Tlemcen, Algeria (1082). Mirhab Dome.
Almoravid In time there was an Andalusian artists moving north from Africa to work in the construction of cities like Marrakech, Fez, Tlemcen, Algeria, and others. There will have to adapt to the available materials, and assimilate new arrivals from Eastern Iranians, as the vault and stalactite arch, formed both by a geometric pattern that covers densely the plane through a series of triangular and rectangular prisms coupled by its sides and topped with pendants shaped cuts, which are staggered by superimposed orders, vaults or arches forming stalactites, or pineapple or stalactite hanging volumes (called muqarnas by the French). This system can be created as a cheap decorative cornices, or vaults very complex as the Qarawiyyin of Fez, which became a success in the halls of the Two Sisters and Abencerrajes around the courtyard of the lions of the Alhambra built by Muhammad V of Granada, the great sultan, an architect.
Nazari Palace of the Alhambra (s. XIV). Plant showing the Hall of Two Sisters (orange) and Abencerrajes room (yellow).
Nazari Palace of the Alhambra (s. XIV). Dome Room Abencerrajes.
Nazari Palace of the Alhambra (s. XIV). Vault of the Sala de Dos Hermanas.
Various muqarnas orders up by joining with plaster and cladding with canes and a mass of very thick chalky, a high-strength monolithic dome, which is mounted on an armature woody "as tight", which allows the support of the roof. ;
Simultaneously, carpenters Andalusian start in Fez and Tlemcen, an evolutionary line of the classic armor scissors, used to cover the temples and "bouleterios Greek and Roman basilicas, triangular shaped joists closed at its vertices by pairs, suspenders, and braces pendolones. This led to the invention of what we call "armor torque and knuckle "or the English armor, and is one of the most characteristic and persistent in the days of Moorish art and even our entire Mudejar Hispanic-American colonial.
Outline of a couple and knuckle armor, or armor English.
The English armor there is no unequivocal association between the pairs and tight, but multiplies the number of first, or pairs, and reduced large parts to the bracing. This multitude of pairs in triangulated knuckle head, come to lie in two sleeper beams over the heads of the vessel wall, and they will call it therefore "stirrups." These brackets are periodically tightens interlinked double straps with ataujeradas work of great beauty, showing in essence the big vault trapezoidal shaped trough as peer and knuckles, soon enriched by the theory of loop and star magic woven by Almohad geometry.
The soils for supporting an upper floor or carved ceilings are beamed, with all his work "and Menado alfarjías, while the roof designed to support dual roof deck running with armor. These will soon be adapted to the square, octagonal and even circular, serving tarbes rooms or elongated, or "qubba" cupulares.
A Model of simplest qubba or dome, shaped brick, is eight semicircular cloths or skiff, on four edges semibóvedas fallopian formulas that have a large circulation in and Moorish Almohad. It is used especially in architecture funeral-Rabita, marabouts and "rawda" real, "and from there to the churches of Toledo and the Andalusia in the side chapels funerary temples Moorish, and even as modest sanctuary of many churches of the Aljarafe. In Granada itself is kept small Rábita of San Sebastian as a testimony to Moorish times.
Magdalena Church, Seville. Dome of the Chapel of the Quinta Angustia (s. XIV)
Church of Santa Maria, Sevilla (s. XIV). Vault of the Chapel of the Dawn (f. 1415).
Lecture by D. Rafael Manzano Martos el 17 de Noviembre de 2010 en la Escuela de Arquitectura de la Universidad de Notre Dame, EEUU.
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