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primary elements of Andalusian and Moorish architecture (VIII): minarets.

Towers English mosques were born from a single prototype. Were low-rise ratio in standard pair and a square prism, which involved a left-handed spiral a circular cast inside. Into the street had a horseshoe-mullioned windows with central column as a single hole at the upper and the lower door. A staircase lantern sticking out on the terrace parapet with battlements of Mesopotamian type similar to the tops of the mosque of Cordoba.

Bell Church of San Juan de los Caballeros in Cordoba, Spain (s. X) . Prototype minaret of the Caliphate.

The first mutation must be due to the construction of the minaret Hisham I in the mosque. Its prism, square also contained a staircase parallel to the exterior walls supported on a central pier staggered square slabs between the wall and said central core. Externally must have reached in their proportions more upright than its predecessors, and would impose the archaic model.

The great minaret of Abd al-Rahman III, was the great beacon of the West, the tallest building and daring Córdoba. To give stability to as high artifice, was given rectangular in plan, was split by a transverse wall and in two towers, with two elongated central core in the center of each stairwell. The steps were around them, one of a left-handed and one destrógira, to climb to the terrace both parallel to the axis of "ahmud" that supported their sides in the two core areas. The double staircase forced the duality of the fenestration in the two main facades.

Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba, Spain (s. VIII-XVI). Floor of the tower showing the walls and Christian Caliphate.

Mosque-Cathedral Cordoba, Spain (s. VIII-XVI). elevation and volume of the minaret of Abdurrahman III.

This tower was not repeated in Islam, but in Christian Spain, where it generated the kind of Catalan Romanesque tower, which was made into Langedoc and to Italy by the "Magistri Comacini" and Fenestration duality retained their facades until very late.

Tower of the Church of Santa Eulalia in Erill Vall, Spain (s. XII)

The most beautiful tower of English Islam is the Giralda, the minaret of the Almohad mosque of Seville, carved brick by Ali al-Gumari, second architect of the mosque started by Almad ibn-Based, in the spirit of Ibn Tumart austerity imposed by the "mahdi" founder of the sect. But at the turn of Caliph and higher teacher was to resurface the Andalusian decorative splendor, and from the composition of the Patio de Yeso the Alcazar of Seville, was born in parallel tripartite management of the facades of the Giralda, with its large cloths "tsebka, which already has a unified composition, as in the unfinished Tour Hassan Rabat were to disseminate both the Andalusian Islam centuries XIII and XIV, as in the North African Maghreb .