Planter In A Foundation Wall

talked about the administrative process of the Company.

With the theme of the heading, start a new exercise of ICT s in the classroom. This year, for students 2 of Bachelor of Business Administration IES Release of Algeciras (Cádiz).

When speaking of the Administrative Process Company, what we know through many authors in high school, refers to plan and organize the structure of organs and charges up the company, directing and controlling their activities. It has been shown that the efficiency of the enterprise is much greater than the sum of the efficiencies of workers, and that she should be achieved through rationality, ie the adequacy of the resources (organs and fees) for the purpose to be achieved Many authors consider that the administrator must have an individual role to coordinate, but it seems more accurate to think of it as the essence of the general ability to align individual efforts that are aimed at meeting the goals of the group.

Since the late nineteenth century the administration was defined in terms of four specific functions of managers: planning, organization, direction and control. Although this framework has been subject to some scrutiny, in general terms is still accepted. Therefore be said that management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities of members of the organization and employment of all other organizational resources, in order to achieve goals set by the organization.


1. Elements of the Administrative Process. 1st

Planning.

Planning ahead is what to do, how and when to do it, and who should do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we are going where we want to go. It allows things to happen that otherwise would never happen, but the exact future can rarely be predicted, and the uncontrolled factors can interfere with the best-laid plans unless planning, the facts are left to chance.
Planning is an intellectually demanding process, requiring the determination of courses of action and the rationale for decisions, scope, knowledge and reasoned estimates.
The task of planning is precisely, minimizing risk and taking advantage of opportunities.
The essential nature of planning can be highlighted by its four main components are:
1. Contribution to the objectives and purposes.
2. Primacy of planning.
3. Extension administration.
4. Effectiveness of planning. 1.b.


The Organization

The organization helps to sort the means to make human resources work together effectively towards achieving the aims and objectives of the company. The organization involves a structure that should be considered as a framework that contains and integrates the various functions of the company according to a model that suggests order, arrangement and harmonious relationship.

planning and organization by which functions are not materially objective is achieved, but the efforts put in order, and make the appropriate structure and position on the activities that the company will develop. The organization links together the necessary activities and assigns responsibilities to those who must carry them.

Activities Basic concerning the role of organization are:

Allocation of resources (human, financial, equipment), activities (how), responsible (who), time (when), determination of degrees of specialization and division of work (marketing, production , shopping, personal), establishment of hierarchies (relations of authority and responsibility); assignment, identification of sections of control, organizational structure design, preparation of organizational manuals, policies and procedures, among others. 1.c


Directorate
function address fundamental aims to promote, coordinate and monitor the actions of individual members and groups that make up the company, so that such joint activities are carried out according to plans.

This function comprises the following steps:

Authority. form that is delegated and exercised the shares for the development of activities and pursuit of the objectives and planned goals. Communication

. Way down the channels of communication and communication flows within and outside the company.

Supervision. verify that activities are carried out as planned and ordered.

The core activities include the leadership role are:

Determining what should be done (planning), establishing how they should carry out the activities of the company (organization), watch what to do (control) . 1.d

Control

control process helps to ensure that objectives are met on time and with the planned resources, providing the company with the extent of the deviation that results can have about as planned. This control process consists of four basic steps:
1.d.1. Report average levels of performance, establish acceptable levels of production workers, such as monthly fees for operators of production and sales for sellers.
1.d.2. Check performance at regular intervals (day, week, month).
1.d.3. determine whether there is any variation actual average levels over the set.
1.d.4. If there is a variation take corrective action such as training or further education. If there is no change, continue with the activity.

core activities comprising the control process are:

Developing indicators and control standards (sales, costs, productivity, competitiveness, quality); measure and judge what has been done (analysis statistics, accounting reports, production reports), to compare what has been achieved against planned to determine whether there are differences (performance evaluation, inspection and troubleshooting), and establish corrective actions (planned adjustments to achieve.)

Over the years have developed better methods of monitoring, management and business administration. Some of the tools companies are using to improve performance are:
• Total Quality Management
• Business Process Reengineering
These two tools contain a strong process orientation. This means your search by:
• Improve product quality.
• Reduce production cycle time.
• Reduce costs.
The total quality management is an approach aimed at creating:
• A harmonious environment to do things correctly the first time.
• Prevent the generation of errors rather than correction.
• Create a culture of customer service.
• Reduce costs for the quality of enforcement (prevention and appraisal) and non-compliance (internal and external failures).
The business process reengineering is a systematic approach to radically improve the fundamental processes that add value. These processes relate to the strategic nature that are important and indispensable to the achievement of the objectives, targets and achieve a higher competitive level.

Process Reengineering is the means by which a company can achieve radical changes in performance, methods of work, measured in cost, length of service and quality, through analysis of process flow diagrams and other methods used in industrial engineering.

This technique consists of five basic steps are:
• Preparation . Development executive consensus on goals and objectives to be achieved. • Identification
. Development of a consumer-oriented business in the fundamental processes of strategic value.
• Vision. Search breakthrough opportunities processes.
• Solutions. Establishing results for the implementation of perceptions through social design that organizes and structures the human resources that will be responsible for the redesigned process.
• Transformation. Implementation of the visions of the process, implementing pilot versions and full production.

Finally, we must not forget two important concepts and to consider in management and hence in the Enterprise: Leadership and Motivation.

Leadership, consists of a set of characteristics, whether innate formally learned or acquired, which has a person to influence others in order to channel the efforts of a group towards achieving its objectives.

On the other hand, we must not forget that leadership is a fundamental policy in organizations especially in the field of human resource management because it will serve to influence the behavior of employees the company.
is not simply to manage these behaviors, but that leadership must go beyond, you should try to integrate the employees in the business plan. And

Motivation in the Company, is the willingness from one person to do their job as best as possible, so that match personal goals with organizational objectives.
Also, we could define it as: "The impulse that initiates, guides and maintains the behavior, to achieve the desired goal or objective.."

The reasons can be grouped into several categories:
First are the rational and emotional reasons.
The reasons may be self-centered or altruistic.
The reasons may also be of attraction or rejection, as moved to do something for others or stop doing something that is ongoing or could be done.
Motivation can also be due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The first comes from the personal understanding of the world and second coming of the external incentive factors.

. Extrinsic factors include:

Money Working time

Travel Cars Real

Dinner
materials
All these factors can increase or decrease in the space around the individual, however, depend on intrinsic factors meaning that the person making it. While the so-called extrinsic factors also depend on this interpretation of the person, they can change dramatically very quickly while the intrinsic require assimilation work best suited to the individual's mind. Intrinsic factors deal with the desires of people to do things by considering them important or interesting.

There are three important intrinsic factors:
Autonomy: The impulse that drives our lives, freedom to have control over what we
Masters: The desire to be better at something that really matters
Purpose: The aim of do what we do for service to something larger than ourselves

Well, with the motivation that you have to spare, you can improve the previous work, and leadership of each group, I hope soon the result of your work.

for it!.

Sources:
Adriana Lopez. Monographs.
Business Economics. José Miguel González Ridao.
Quijano Andres Ponce de Leon. Universidad del Rosario. Colombia.
SMEs.
Rosa Aguilar.
Wikipedia

What Is Kate Playground Up To

March 8, much to claim!

There was a time where some phrases are highlighted, Oscar Wilde, dedicated to women ... .... " Women have been made to be loved, not to be understood. " Or this, saying ... ... ..." If you want to know what women actually say, look at it, not listen. "
phrases that they liked a lot of people and that apparently reflected the thinking of the majority.

However, once again, many women, not just one day (March 8), we assert the obvious. A woman should also have to listen. Moreover, he has always listened!
Or perhaps you have not been heard a mother, a sister, a girlfriend, a wife, a friend ... ... ... ... .... Or from a few decades ago, a coworker?.

Well, if earlier, the fashion was the famous phrase, "Man, you hear ... ... ... A woman, it looks. "totally sexist why not ... ... ..." The men and women ... ... .. They hear "?. Apparently

... ... .... Times are changing. Yes, you just have to read the paper or digital media, and observe the evolution of the comments of some politicians, public figures, journalists etc.

When the female enters the public arena, either actress, political, professional, etc free., First, is described superficially. But, thank God, even the fifth time, and the message is heard and is criticized by internal or external content of the sentences of that character is ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. woman!.

And today is March 8.

It is a symbolic date means awareness and the claim of historical memory and the public voice of women .

In the XXI century and it seems that women have achieved equality from the standpoint of political and legal, but in everyday life, it is not.

it turns out, when there is a supremacy of women over men in our universities, and also , Are in positions of great responsibility, showing great competitiveness and responsibility, see where, when positions, positions, skills and levels similar to those of a man, they, as a woman, they charge 20% less than men .
And we're talking about the luckiest. Probably, because the data are public knowledge and that has a significant effect.

and other women workers?. Well, that generally does not exceed 50% of salary men. Of course, we are talking about financial compensation, when performing the same job and with the same preparation.

For example, in Andalusia, in the Administration and the fiscal year 2009, Social Action UGT, have provided the following information:

women earn between 30 and 15 percent less than men. That is the conclusion that emerges from recent studies by the unions and announced on International Day for the Equal Pay between Men and Women.

The date, Feb. 22, is not chosen at random. And is that according to all reports indicate a woman must work until 22 February for the same wages as a man to 31 December.

"Discrimination has always existed and the crisis has brought a precarious situation for everyone that has also affected the situation of women. " expressed in these terms recently, Secretary of Social Action of UGT, Fonsi Bonafonte, who had an impact on "we defend that right for equal work is mandatory that women have the same salary."

In this regard, Fonsi Bonafonte emphasizes an idea, coupled with the above. "It is important to note that not only pay less but that the benefits they are perceived by it are also lower."

In this regard, Secretary of Social Action UGT states that "the data speak the wage gap between men and women means that they receive a pension of 30.8% more. "

But the reality is harder! .

is unfair, and everyone we know, also, of 6, 8, 10 or 12 hours that a woman (lucky these days) devoted to paid work outside the home, it that as a woman, is assigned a "role" labor, the vast majority, made in a career (or not) and therefore unpaid.
And of course, not being paid at the same time, is not recognized or valued.
I guess, you know where to go, yes, the work done at home, being married or not, is whether or not, children or dependents.
Women, only the fact of being, in most cases, develop a work which affects the household economy, neighborhoods, towns and hence the country.
Of course, we are talking about the first world. And although the laws reflect the equality of both genders, society, that being so curious, puts the reality in another way.
Working women, working more and less paid. Hopefully not for long.
the moment, we see in class, equality is the starting point for the evolution of both the boy and the girl in the personal and intellectual development along the course.
The sample in teamwork which are so natural and effective, boys and girls the individual premium.
Well this is it, that this style of work and reward, be extrapolated to real life. The social and labor.

Violence against women, the cancer that kills us!

continue ignoring violence against women worldwide, in Spain, fortunately, looks set to decrease. Although there seems to end.
In underdeveloped countries like Iran, Congo, Somalia, China, India, etc., women suffer atrocities as

• It is estimated that 98% of women in Somalia are mutilated genitals. In Africa, 115 million women have undergone some form of genital mutilation. The age that is practiced is between 8 and 14.

• Between 20 and 50% of women in developing countries marry or join a partner before age 18 by family decisiciones.

• In Asia and some African countries, babies born to women are killed or they are fed. In China, the risk of death is 33% higher for girls than for boys. In class we had the opportunity to see the documentary "The Curse of Womanhood," you can find in this link. The duration is 57 minutes worth.

• Two thirds of the 860 million illiterate adults are women.

• traffic has increased "comfort women" especially women from Eastern and Latin American countries who practice in Europe protistución bound by mafias. The profile of women engaged in prostitution in the streets of Europe and the United States is a woman between 19 and 25 years, foreign-controlled by the mafia and with family in their country of origin.

Therefore, not only are exploited in a way (low pay) in the first world, but, in the third world, even worse! , Survive conducted by third parties, who decide what will become of their lives and their future.

So, in this March 8, 2010 , I remember them all. Those who get up before bed and later to work inside and outside of where they live, be it home or not. And also, why not?, Those of the first world, as well as working outside and inside their homes, take some time to work with a true vocation and in anonymity, for the needy ... ... ... ... .. and that each More and more outside and inside our country.

A hug to you ... ... ... .. Women Workers!!

Translated Dragon Ball Doujinshi

About Monetary Policy and Inflation!!

For the second year of ICT in the Classroom, by 1 High School of Economics, IES Levante, we present a more shelled, item No. 10 of the subject: "Monetary Policy and inflation. "


For this, we will discuss the European System of Central Banks (ESCB), the European Central Bank, Monetary Policy, Inflation, etc. resources. Of course, students base their work on the group and support the network, with the main reference this article.

What is The European System of Central Banks (ESCB)?

The ESCB comprises the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Central Banks of Member States and is directed by the governing bodies of the ECB. Its basic functions are:

. Define and implement the monetary policy of the Community.
. Conduct foreign exchange operations consistent with the provisions of the article.
111. Own and manage the official foreign reserves of the Member States.
. Promote the smooth operation of payment systems.

The European Central Bank (ECB ) is the central bank of the single European currency, the Euro, and is the main axis of the Eurosystem. The ECB is part of the European System of Central Banks and is subject to the provisions of the Treaty on the Functioning of the Union and its own statutes.


This entity is one of the most important organs of the European Union (EU) and is headquartered in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.


Overview ECB:

The ECB has the exclusive right of authorizing the issuance of banknotes within the Community.

The ECB and national central banks may issue notes that are the sole legal tender notes in the community.

Member States may issue coins do, the volume of issuance must be approved by the ECB.

The bodies of the ECB are the Governing Council and Executive Committee.

The Governing Council is composed of the Executive Committee members and the governors of national central banks.

The Governing Council adopted the guidelines and decisions necessary to ensure compliance with the functions of the ESCB.

The Governing Council formulates the monetary policy of the community.


TREATY ESTABLISHING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY

The Executive Committee comprises the president, vice president and four other members. All have been appointed by common accord of the governments of Member States on the basis of a recommendation from the Council after consulting the European Parliament and the Council of Government. Its mandate has a duration of 8 years and is renewable which guarantees the independence of European monetary policy.

The Executive Committee is responsible for the management of the ECB. The ECB uses the national central banks to perform certain operations that correspond to the ESCB.

Both the ECB and central banks maintain their national independence.

National Central Banks are present in the ECB's Governing Council and continue to play an important role in implementing monetary policy actions. In the case of other functions such as the possession and management of reserves, the payments system, ticketing, etc., NCBs maintain compatibility with the guidelines issued by the ECB's Governing Council.

NCBs are also developing supervisory functions of credit and treasury management of the government, but this can involve privileged financing.

ECB is headquartered in Frankfurt. It began operations in the second half of 1998, disappeared while the European Monetary Institute.

The ECB's main function is to maintain the purchasing power of the single currency and thus price stability in the euro area that comprises the 16 EU countries that have adopted the euro since 1999 .

The ECB controls the money supply and price developments.


The legal basis of the single monetary policy is set in the Treaty establishing the European Community and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and the ECB. Statutes established the constitution of the ECB and the ESCB as from June 1, 1998.


The ECB is also responsible for establishing and implementing the broad outlines of economic policy and monetary union .


For this, the ECB works with the ESCB, which includes the 27 EU countries. However, only 16 of these countries have so far adopted the euro, thus constituting the "euro area", and their central banks, together with the ECB, form the "Eurosystem ."


The ECB has legal personality under public international law. It is important to review these concepts.

Organization

Jean-Claude Trichet is president of the ECB from November 1, 2003. Succeeded by the first President Wim Duisenberg.


ECB work is organized through the following bodies:


•
The Executive Committee comprises the President of the ECB, the Vice-President and four other members, all appointed by common agreement of the presidents or prime ministers of the euro area countries. Its mandate is eight years non-renewable.
The Committee is responsible for implementing monetary policy defined by the Governing Council and to give instructions to national central banks. It also prepares the meetings of the Governing Council and is responsible for the daily management of the ECB.


• The Governing Council
is the highest decision-making of the ECB. It comprises the six members of the Executive Committee and the governors of 16 central banks in the euro area. It is chaired by the President of the ECB. Its primary mission is to set monetary policy in the euro area and, in particular, to set interest rates that commercial banks can obtain central bank money.


• The General Council
The General Council is the third decision-making body of the ECB. It comprises the ECB President, the Vice President and governors of national central banks of 27 EU member states. Contributes to the advisory and coordination work and helps prepare for the future enlargement of the eurozone.



MONETARY POLICY.



Monetary Policy, are a set of government actions intended to influence economic control demand through an action plan on the amount of money in the system and interest rates.


Central Bank Objectives in its control of money, interest rates and credit conditions.


The primary objective of the ECB's monetary policy is to maintain price stability.

Objective of monetary policy


To maintain price stability is the main objective of the Eurosystem and the single monetary policy for which it is responsible. This was established by the Treaty establishing the European Community, Article 105 (1).


" Without prejudice to the objective of price stability, the Eurosystem also" support the general economic policies of the Community to contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the Community ". These include a "high level of employment" and "non-inflationary sustainable growth."


The Treaty establishes a clear hierarchy of objectives for the Eurosystem. It assigns primary importance to price stability. The Treaty makes clear that Price stability is the most important contribution that monetary policy can do to achieve a favorable economic environment and high employment.

INFLATION.


1 - The concept of inflation .
Inflation is a continuous and widespread increase in prices of goods and services in an economy.
inflation represents a loss of value for money, and that to acquire the same amount of products requires more money. It can become one of the most important problems of an economy social effects-laden, since they are the most disadvantaged or less power to influence prices and wages that are most affected.
Deflation is defined as the continuous and widespread decline in the level of prices of goods and services in an economy. Is not without its problems because of deflation, the Society is encouraged not to consume this in the future because it is cheaper.
The stagnation and decline in consumption in turn causes companies to stop producing and the cessation of production caused by the closure of companies.
therefore a successful economy reside in getting price stability, ie not experience inflation or deflation but keeping inflation at a positive but small enough. Inflation tends
quantified from different indices, the most frequent being the consumer price index (CPI) and the implicit GDP deflator.
best known indicator is the rate of change in CPI. The IPC affects families very directly, as reported in the price level of all goods and services that are considered representative.
When comparing price indices at EU level are not used different national rates, but others built for that purpose, as the index of consumer prices (HICP).

CALCULATION OF INFLATION
To calculate the CPI inflation we from the values \u200b\u200bof this index. Calculate inflation is reduced to the formula of a rate change:
INFLATION = [(IPCT - IPCT-1) / IPCT-1] * 100

2 - Explanatory theories inflation.

2.1. Inflation demand.
The key factor in rising prices lies in aggregate demand. In particular, demand-pull inflation arises when agents make expenditures in excess production capacity of its economy.
· Explanation monetarist.
The reason why the aggregate demand grows beyond the means of production is an increase in the amount of money.
The followers of this current proposed control inflation through monetary policy to only allow growth in the amount of money that strictly correspond to needs arising from economic activity itself.
· Explanation Keynesian.
Keynesians argue that the effect of growth of aggregate demand depends on inflation the magnitude of the increase in aggregate demand and the volume of idle resources exist in the economy.
. If we start from a situation of full employment, increases in aggregate demand will generate increases in prices.
. If we start from a situation in which there are many idle resources, increases in aggregate demand will cause a greater use of resources and increases in supply, so prices need not rise.

2.2. cost inflation.
The main source of inflation is steady growth of business costs, leading employers to raise prices of their products.
Rising business costs can be several causes, including: wage growth, rising raw materials, increases in interest rates.
strong unions have in their hands the possibility to obtain higher wage increases the labor productivity gains, increasing pressure on labor costs on corporate profits. If companies have enough market power to shift the increased labor costs to product prices will start what is known as the wage-price spiral.
If production is increased twice, just enough that workers would required them to pay twice.

The employer has 2 choices: to satisfy the demand of its employees or increase the price of their products in order to maintain their benefits while meeting the demands of its employees. If the employer raises the price of their products, there will be more inflation which workers will demand higher pay to keep their purchasing power and begin the process again.
The increase in prices of other factors of production other than work can also create inflation, such as the shortage of property used in the production of another. The further operation of the market model of perfect competition, the greater the likelihood of occurrence of cost inflation.
Inflation may also be a result of restrictions on competition. The less competition tends to reduce the quantity of the products and their prices more expensive.
If you believe inflation is labor costs, higher doses should be incorporated
flexibility in the labor market, as more flexible contracts, reducing the amount of unemployment benefits, etc.. If the inflation factor that is the price of energy, seek alternative energy sources.

2.3. Core inflation.
is defined as the increase continuous price-generated widespread deficiencies in the functioning of the institutions of a country.

2.4. What happens in reality?
In modern economies without major structural problems in the short term acknowledges that inflation can be altered by any factor affecting demand and supply, while medium and long term, inflation is mainly due to monetary factors.

Therefore, the monetary authorities in developed countries are concerned to maintain a growth rate of money.

3. Social and economic impact of inflation. (Notes)

3.1. Effects of inflation on production .
if inflation is high and may discourage investments planned in the medium and long term. This is the result of the uncertainty, the aggregate demand, interest rates and the policies to be implemented.
Consequently, the growth rate will decrease, increase unemployment and reduce economic growth.
Also, if the price increases ranging goods and services exported by the country and international competitors such products have more moderate rates of inflation will cause a loss of competitiveness.

3.2. Effects on the allocation of productive resources.
As an inflationary process that prices do not rise equally, changing relative prices of products.
Those products that suffer the greatest price growth will attend a drop in demand for cheaper products. Consequently, companies with more expensive products tend to weaken.
On the other hand, companies have to pay higher prices for their production inputs also pass through difficult times. Companies have to accept significant increases in wages will tend to replace workers by machines, so that will increase unemployment.

3.3. Effects on the distribution of income and wealth.
The main effects of unanticipated inflation are borne on the distribution of income and wealth.
have in 1 º place for lenders and borrowers, the borrower receives money that will have to repay the lender in the future. If inflation rises, the borrower is benefited because it only has to return the same purchasing power that you paid the lender, who does not receive any profit. If inflation is increasing rather than decreasing, the effect is the opposite.
In general, the normal thing is that inflation will reach a higher level than expected and that the borrowers are the beneficiaries. The public sector for its status as a major debtor to the rest of agents, is the most favored by inflation.
In countries with high inflation have emerged indexed financial assets. The performances are set according to a price index, so that increases in prices are linked to increases in interest rates.
generates redistributive effects of inflation on non-financial income. Pensioners and workers with little bargaining power that they will not get up wages at the same extent that prices rise so they will be losing purchasing power. By contrast, workers with higher pressure capability to maintain its purchasing power price increases.

4. The role of monetary policy.

monetary policy is defined as government actions aimed at monitoring changes in the amount of money or interest rates in order to achieve certain objectives, namely:
· Control of inflation. • Growth
economy.
plenary session employment.
In the economic policy measures differs between:
• An expansionary monetary policy, in which the monetary authority's decisions tend to increase the rate of growth of money supply and / or reduce interest rates.
• A tight monetary policy, which tends to reduce the rate of growth of money supply and / or increasing interest rates.

The start of European Monetary Union on 01/01/1999 meant major changes in monetary policy and the skills that had the Central Bank of Spain in this field. From that date, responsibility for monetary policy passed to the ESCB.

5.La inflation in the world.
The behavior of inflation is not uniform among countries or even between regions within a country.
In developing countries, inflation has been strong fluctuations associated with the particular weakness of their economies because of their strong economic imbalances.
In the economies in transition, following the severe political instability, social and economic in its transition to a market economy, have managed to contain inflation in a drastic way.
In advanced countries with economies much more healthy and stable have been continuously reducing their inflation rates. This is due to:
• The practice of tight monetary policies.
• reduction of public deficits.
The policies of liberalization undertaken.
• The absence of sharp increases in energy prices.

Spain in 1986 had an inflation rate more than twice of all EU countries and has managed to place them in below average levels through a process of convergence.

Anyway, the global economic crisis is affecting the whole of Europe and in particular to each of the countries that compose it.

this current topic, which we hope will work better the performance.

Sources:

The European System of Central Banks (ESCB)

European Central Bank

Indices Consumer price. National Institute of Statistics.